知道(dao)嗎(ma)，實驗室(shi)也是分(fen)為很多(duo)種類的，不同(tong)類的實驗室(shi)有不同(tong)的要求和功能。公司將不同(tong)實驗室(shi)按照(zhao)三種類型劃分(fen)：按特(te)性劃分(fen)，按學(xue)科劃分(fen)，按行(xing)業劃分(fen)。

一、特性劃分 

按實(shi)(shi)驗室特(te)性(xing)劃分(fen)可(ke)分(fen)為干性(xing)實(shi)(shi)驗室與(yu)(yu)濕性(xing)實(shi)(shi)驗室、主實(shi)(shi)驗室與(yu)(yu)輔助實(shi)(shi)驗室、常(chang)規實(shi)(shi)驗室與(yu)(yu)特(te)殊(shu)實(shi)(shi)驗室與(yu)(yu)危險性(xing)實(shi)(shi)驗室。 

1.干性實(shi)驗室與濕(shi)性實(shi)驗室 

干性(xing)實(shi)驗(yan)室是指精密儀(yi)器室、天平室、高溫(wen)室等不使用或(huo)較少使用水(shui)的實(shi)驗(yan)室。

濕性實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)是指(zhi)進(jin)行樣品處理、容量分析、離心(xin)、沉淀、過濾等常規(gui)實(shi)(shi)驗而需要配(pei)備(bei)給排(pai)水的實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)。

2.主實(shi)驗室與輔助實(shi)驗室 

a.主實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室是指進(jin)行分析、研究等核心(xin)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的主要實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室，如精密儀器室等。 

b.輔(fu)助實(shi)驗室(shi)是指為實(shi)現核(he)心實(shi)驗的輔(fu)助性(xing)實(shi)驗室(shi)，如(ru)天(tian)平室(shi)、高溫室(shi)、樣品室(shi)等。 

3.常規實(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)與特(te)殊實(shi)驗(yan)室(shi) 

a.常規實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)是指無壓(ya)差及凈(jing)化(hua)要求(qiu)的普通化(hua)學實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)、生(sheng)物試驗室(shi)及物理實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)。

b.特殊實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)是(shi)指潔凈實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)、防靜電實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)、恒溫恒濕實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)、移動實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)等滿足特殊需要(yao)的(de)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)。特殊實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)還(huan)包括生物安全實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)、輻射性(xing)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)、易(yi)(yi)燃易(yi)(yi)爆危(wei)險品實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)等對人或環境有(you)潛在危(wei)險性(xing)的(de)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)。

二、學科(ke)劃(hua)分 

按學(xue)科劃分可分為化(hua)學(xue)實驗(yan)室(shi)、生(sheng)物實驗(yan)室(shi)、物理實驗(yan)室(shi)。 

1.化學實驗(yan)室 

化學(xue)(xue)(xue)實驗(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)主要從事無機化學(xue)(xue)(xue)、有(you)機化學(xue)(xue)(xue)、高分(fen)子化學(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)領域(yu)的研究(jiu)、分(fen)析(xi)和(he)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工作(zuo)。一般包(bao)括理化實驗(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)、精密儀(yi)器室(shi)(shi)(shi)、天平室(shi)(shi)(shi)、標(biao)液室(shi)(shi)(shi)、藥(yao)品(pin)室(shi)(shi)(shi)、儲(chu)藏室(shi)(shi)(shi)、高溫室(shi)(shi)(shi)、純水室(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)。 這主要是進行(xing)樣品(pin)處理、容量分(fen)析(xi)、離心、沉淀、過濾等(deng)常規實驗(yan)和(he)操作(zuo)或儀(yi)器分(fen)析(xi)等(deng)。

2.生物實驗(yan)室 

生物(wu)實(shi)驗室(shi)分為動物(wu)學(xue)實(shi)驗室(shi)、植(zhi)物(wu)學(xue)實(shi)驗室(shi)和微生物(wu)實(shi)驗室(shi)。 

a.動(dong)物學實驗室(shi) 

動物(wu)學中常見的(de)毒理實驗是從生物(wu)學角(jiao)度研究化學物(wu)質對生物(wu)機(ji)體(ti)的(de)損害作用(yong)及其(qi)機(ji)制，其(qi)實驗室是進行毒性(xing)鑒定、安全性(xing)評價(jia)和(he)(he)功能(neng)機(ji)制的(de)檢(jian)驗和(he)(he)研究場所，包(bao)括普通動物(wu)實驗室和(he)(he)潔凈動物(wu)實驗室，一般由前(qian)區、飼養區、動物(wu)實驗室、輔助區組成。

b.植物學實驗室 

植物(wu)學實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)主要(yao)進(jin)行植物(wu)解(jie)剖、制片染(ran)色、細胞化(hua)學成分的測(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)，微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)檢測(ce)(ce)、基因的分離純化(hua)、體外擴(kuo)增技術(shu)、蛋白質定(ding)(ding)量測(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)、電泳分析等實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。

c.微(wei)生(sheng)物實驗(yan)室 

微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)實驗室(shi)分為病原微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)實驗室(shi)和衛生(sheng)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)實驗室(shi)。 

（1）病原微(wei)生物實(shi)驗室： 

病(bing)(bing)原微生物實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)(shi)主要(yao)以病(bing)(bing)毒及細(xi)菌的(de)鑒(jian)定和分(fen)類(lei)為主，實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)(shi)設計(ji)1~4類(lei)病(bing)(bing)毒（菌），危(wei)(wei)害(hai)比(bi)較大，這種危(wei)(wei)害(hai)包括(kuo)了(le)對(dui)人的(de)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)、對(dui)環境(jing)的(de)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)，同時包括(kuo)了(le)對(dui)實(shi)(shi)驗對(dui)象的(de)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)。所以，病(bing)(bing)原微生物實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)(shi)應在特殊的(de)實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)(shi)生物安全(quan)實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)(shi)中完(wan)成。 

（2）衛生微生物實驗室： 

衛生微(wei)生物實(shi)驗(yan)室主要以產品檢測和(he)檢驗(yan)為主，危害較小或無危害，實(shi)驗(yan)室對(dui)象主要以食物、化妝品、空氣和(he)水等，重(zhong)點注意(yi)的(de)(de)是環境對(dui)樣品或樣品之間的(de)(de)污染，所(suo)以衛生微(wei)生物實(shi)驗(yan)室主要在(zai)潔凈(jing)實(shi)驗(yan)室中完成。

3.物理試(shi)驗室 

物理試驗(yan)室包括電學實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室、熱(re)學實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室、力學實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室、光學實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室、綜合物理實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室等。

三、行業劃(hua)分 

按行(xing)(xing)業劃分(fen)可分(fen)為疾病預防控制(zhi)中心(xin)(xin)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、出(chu)入境檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)疫系(xi)統實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、產品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、農產品(pin)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、藥品(pin)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、醫學(xue)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、分(fen)析測試(shi)中心(xin)(xin)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、科研孵化器實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、公安系(xi)統實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、水質(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、環境檢(jian)(jian)測實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、核電系(xi)統實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、教(jiao)學(xue)系(xi)統實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、工(gong)廠實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)。雖然(ran)行(xing)(xing)業實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根據其(qi)行(xing)(xing)業特性有(you)不(bu)同(tong)的名稱，其(qi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)都離不(bu)開干性實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)濕性實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的范疇，屬于化學(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、生物實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)物理實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。